What Is Gambling About Gambling For the Public

Live dealer versions of blackjack replicate the experience of a physical casino with real dealers. PartyPoker is known for its strong loyalty rewards and significant welcome bonus, attracting new players looking to build their bankrolls with its generous rewards program. The GSGB, like most other surveys, collects information from a sample of the population. Statistics based on surveys are estimates, rather than precise figures, and are subject to a margin of error (a 95 percent confidence interval).

What is gambling

Given the correct powers and resources, the Gambling Commission can continue to make gambling safer, fairer and crime free. This White Paper is a coherent package of proposals which we believe can significantly support and protect consumers, and improve overall standards in the industry. Everyone has the freedom to enjoy a flutter on the horses or football through their phones, anytime, anywhere – and most people do so without any issues. The maximum deposit amount at Spinzwin Casino for pay by phone is £40, making it suitable for budget-conscious players. However, players should be aware of the 15% processing fee for pay by phone deposits.

Risk factors that influence gambling and harmful gambling

Offences cover the unlicensed offer of gambling, the unlicensed use of premises for gambling, the promotion or facilitation of a lottery and so on. The legal approach is to completely criminalise gambling but then to make exceptions for persons who comply with the licensing regime, pay the applicable tax, observe the applicable regulation and so on. Alternatively, there are exceptions in the legislation for low-level or private gambling. We relied on review-level evidence to understand risk factors for gambling and harmful gambling, but this proved difficult as the reviews were low quality and relied heavily on cross-sectional studies. The majority of the evidence focused on personal or individual level factors, with limited evidence on family, societal or environmental factors.

• Looking ahead to 2026, the UK’s online gambling industry is set for continued growth.
• No one under the age of 18 is allowed to place a bet with a licenced operator.
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• If you encounter gambling-related issues, do not hesitate to seek assistance from charities and healthcare providers.
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• Gambling businesses will need to provide customers with options to opt-in to the product type they are interested in receiving and the channels through which they wish to receive marketing.
• In Victoria Australia, at least 4.2% of suicides were found to be gambling-related (5).
• Some research also links pathological gambling to personality disorders, including antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorders.
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• Efforts to document and distribute these lessons are underway, particularly to support low- and middle-income countries where commercial gambling activity is rapidly increasing.
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• This begins to highlight both the wave-on-wave differences and the consistent seasonal patterns in gambling participation throughout the year.
• As the interactive division of NOVOMATIC, Greentube is truly the Home of Games.
• The GSGB is one of the largest survey about people’s gambling behaviours in the world, collecting data from 20,000 respondents each year.
• Live dealer games have become increasingly popular among online casino players, providing an authentic casino experience from the comfort of home.
• You might have lots of different feelings, including hurt, mistrust, sadness and worry about the future.
• Online blackjack combines the classic card game with digital convenience, offering a variety of versions including single-deck and multi-deck games.

The live dealer games at BetMGM deliver an experience akin to being physically present in a casino online UK, making it a top choice for players seeking a realistic gaming experience. The evaluation of UK online casinos is thorough, focusing on bonuses and promotions, game variety, payment options, mobile experience, security and safety, and features and design. This meticulous process ensures that players are directed to the best online casinos UK, where they can enjoy a secure and rewarding gaming experience. The online casino landscape in the UK for 2026 is dynamic and diverse, offering players a wide range of options to suit their preferences. From the best casinos for slots like Mr Vegas to the leading live dealer games at BetMGM, players are spoiled for choice with top-notch gaming experiences. Neptune Casino emerges as the top new entrant, while Virgin Games offers the best mobile app for gaming on the go.

There are many reasons why someone might not get help for their gambling disorder. Medication for gambling disorder is typically started by a specialist, such as a consultant psychiatrist working in an NHS Gambling Treatment Service. GPs do not usually initiate naltrexone, but they may be able to take over monitoring and prescribing after the initial titration has been undertaken by the specialist and a safe and effective dose has been established. We publish information to help people understand more about mental health and mental illness, and the kind of care they are entitled to.

Consequently, several data points have been revised, typically by between +/-0.1 percent and +/-1 percent. Participation in National Lottery draws significantly increased by 3 percentage points from the end of 2024, from 29 percent to 32 percent in Wave 1, 2025. Although this represents a significant change compared to the previous wave, the data for the same period in 2024 (January to April) remains consistent with findings from this publication. This begins to highlight both the wave-on-wave differences and the consistent seasonal patterns in gambling participation throughout the year.

There are numerous charitable lottery operators that operate under certain regulatory constraints. Furthermore, bookmakers are free, under current British legislation, to offer bets on lottery results other than the British National Lottery. This distinction cannot be ignored, and the regulator has no power to grant a licence that authorises both remote and land-based activity.

Gambling Laws In The United Kingdom

This requirement applies to online gambling only and will come into force on 1 May 2025. It will do this through light touch financial vulnerability checks for those customers with a net deposit of more than £150 a month on gambling. “We have listened to the views expressed in our engagement and in the consultation responses, and we have made changes while still ensuring that we deliver meaningful protections. Each year the Gambling Survey for Great Britain will collect data from twenty thousand respondents and help us better understand peoples’ gambling behaviour and attitudes towards gambling up and down the country.

Gambling blocking and self-exclusion

• Checks will happen in the background against information already available online, so those who are checked will not notice.
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• Any business you gamble with must tell you whether your money is protected in case they go bust.
• Mobile gambling UK apps have become essential in today’s fast-paced world, offering the flexibility to play favorite games anytime, anywhere, making online gambling sited UK more accessible.
• Information on the advice provided by the Gambling Commission to help inform government policy on updates to the Gambling Act 2005 along with gambling legislation in Great Britain.
• As it stands not all betting companies pay their fair share and some have paid as little as £1.
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• However, the way that British legislation addresses gambling is to set up a whole series of criminal offences and then provide that the possession of the appropriate licence is a defence.
• These promotions are designed to attract new players and retain existing ones by enhancing their gaming experience.
• The best online casinos in the UK for 2026 are Mr Vegas, BetMGM, Virgin Games, Neptune Casino, and LeoVegas, recognized for their diverse game selections, attractive bonuses, and exceptional user experiences.
• When it comes to best gambling sites UK, having a variety of payment methods is crucial for convenience and security.
• BetGoodwin, for example, focuses on horse racing with exclusive daily free bets and money-back specials, catering to enthusiasts of this niche market.
• In addition to slots, other popular offerings on UK casino sites include blackjack, roulette, poker, and live dealer games, ensuring that players have a wide variety of options to choose from.

The UK hosts some of the world’s best online casinos, offering diverse games, generous bonuses, and exceptional user experiences. Southern Gambling Service – The Southern Gambling Service offers high quality assessment and evidence-based treatments for people with gambling-related harms or gambling disorder. The service is open to people aged 17 and older who live in or are registered with a GP in the South East of England. Our rapid review on the impact of the initial COVID-19 restrictions included 19 quantitative studies, but only 3 of these examined the impacts of COVID-19 on gambling over time.

While UK-licensed operators must follow strict UKGC rules to keep players safe, bettors also have a responsibility to manage their own behaviour and spending. There’s a dedicated poker promotions page, stuffed full of offers, such as a loyalty scheme, while it’s also where players can find all the details on the various poker competitions run by Grosvenor featuring cash prizes. They stand out from other slot sites for a variety of reasons, starting with the sign up offer, which includes 200 no wagering free spins. There are tons of advertisements for gambling addiction services and operators must have some sort of link or advert on getting help with gambling addiction on their sites as part of their licensing agreement.

Areas of law covered include

In late 2022, we re-examined this analysis and published an updated report in early 2023. You can find the full technical reports on the gambling-related harms evidence review main page. Schedule enjoyable recreational time for yourself that has nothing to do with gambling. If you’re gambling on your smartphone, find other ways to fill the quiet moments during your day. Depression, stress, substance abuse, or anxiety can both trigger gambling problems and be made worse by compulsive gambling. If you have bipolar disorder, manic phases might lead you to risky behavior, such as making big bets.

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• BetMGM is the leading UK casino for live dealer casino games, offering an immersive and interactive online casino experience.
• This ensures that players can trust the casinos to operate fairly and legally.
• It has made gambling easier, quicker and often more fun, but when things go wrong it can see people lose thousands of pounds in a few swipes of the screen.
• Generally, the minimum gambling age in England is 18, however, the minimum age to purchase a National Lottery ticket is sixteen.
• We also explain the criteria used to evaluate these best gambling sites, UK offering you a comprehensive guide to the top UK gambling websites.
• This release contains data and consumer views on why people gamble – their motivations for gambling, how and where they gamble, and how they want operators to interact with them.
• This method allows players to make deposits quickly and easily, without the need for a bank account or credit card.
• With a wide range of options for players, from top online casinos and betting sites to innovative new platforms, there is something for everyone.
• The British regulator continues its series of enforcement actions against its licensees, as described above, including follow-ups from previous enforcement actions.
• While UK-licensed operators must follow strict UKGC rules to keep players safe, bettors also have a responsibility to manage their own behaviour and spending.
• With the exception of commercial stakeholders, there was consensus across different types of stakeholders that gambling is a public health issue, and it requires a public health approach.
• This includes intuitive navigation, responsive design, and fast loading times, making it easy for players to switch between devices without any disruption.
• UK sports bettors have access to some of the world’s best online betting sites, known for their wide range of markets, competitive odds, and exceptional customer service.

The seamless integration of live streaming technology ensures that players have a smooth and enjoyable gaming experience, making BetMGM a top choice for live casino enthusiasts. This comprehensive guide focuses on the best online casinos in the UK for 2026, highlighting platforms where players can enjoy a diverse range of gaming options and potentially win big. With the rapid growth of online casinos, the gambling experience has transformed, becoming more accessible and varied for players. Our goal is to guide you through the myriad of online casino UK options tailored specifically for UK players, emphasizing the unique features and advantages each one offers.

If you recognise any of these harms in your own behaviour, you should try to seek help. Often people don’t recognise that these are also a type of gambling and struggle to acknowledge that they have lost control. Gambling disorder can have a big impact on your personal and family life, your work and education, and the things you enjoy.

Return to Player (RTP) percentages and payout rates are crucial factors for players seeking to maximize their winnings. A typical good RTP for UK casino online games is considered to be 96% or higher, ensuring that a significant portion of wagers is returned to players over time. Understanding payout percentages helps players estimate expected returns and aids in effective bankroll management. Players can enjoy 100 free spins after wagering £10 and a £10 cashback after staking £50, with a 30x wagering requirement.

• Overall gambling participation is highest for those aged 55 to 64 (54 percent).
• It’s important to remember that credit cards are not permitted for deposits to gambling sites in the UK, in line with regulations aimed at promoting responsible gambling.
• Again, if you use your phone or computer to gamble, now is a good time to find another activity that doesn’t involve being online.
• However, bailing the gambler out of debt may actually make matters worse by enabling their gambling problems to continue.
• Reward was the primary factor to gambling – enjoyment and fun were also drivers, but motivators can vary depending on the situation and activity.
• There are now hundreds of gambling companies that provide casino-style games and betting apps which can be downloaded onto devices such as smartphones, tablets or laptops.
• This means when we exclude those who only took part in a lottery draw in the past 4 weeks from the overall gambling participation rate, gambling participation falls to 27 percent.
• This license is a testament to the casino’s commitment to player protection and fair play.
• Setting budgets and tracking spending are key practices in responsible UK gambling.
• Social stressors such as poverty, discrimination or other disadvantage also increase risks.
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Changes to Legislation

High-paying UK online casinos are particularly appealing to players seeking substantial wins. These casinos online are evaluated based on the types, quality, and quantity of high-paying games offered. Software providers play a crucial role here, as they develop top-quality games that attract and retain players. Leading online casinos like Magic Red Casino offer dedicated mobile apps designed to enhance user access with quick loading times and smooth navigation. Mobile gaming provides the convenience of playing on the go and quick access to games while traveling. SOFTSWISS is a global tech expert with over 15 years of experience in providing innovative iGaming solutions.

5 Stakeholders’ perspectives of gambling-related harms

• As you explore the best online gambling sites in the UK, remember to gamble responsibly and take advantage of the various tools and features available to manage your activities.
• Betting companies will be required to conduct seamless player protection checks on the highest spending gamblers to check they’re not incurring harmful losses.
• The commercialization of gambling in many countries – which also drives normalization – is increasing the incidence of gambling harm.
• South West Gambling Service – The South West Gambling Service provides free confidential specialist support to people living in the South West affected by gambling addiction.
• Bonus offers, such as free bets or spins, can drive harmful behaviour and trigger people to spend more than they intended.
• If there are online operators servicing British residents without a proper licence from the UKGC, they are considered to be engaging in illegal activity.
• This release presents 2 topic reports based on secondary analysis of 2025 GSGB data.
• Excellent customer support is a hallmark of the best online casinos UK, ensuring that players receive the assistance they need promptly and efficiently.
• ‘Problem gambling’ or ‘problematic gambling’ is defined as gambling that is disruptive or damaging to an individual or their family, or interferes with an individual’s daily life.
• Informing young people about gambling-related risks and providing tools for safe choices is also important.
• It is crucial for players to verify their accounts beforehand to avoid delays in the withdrawal process.
• Commonly accepted payment methods at UK online casinos include debit cards, PayPal, eWallets, and bank transfers.

Although you can monitor them, it might be difficult, and perhaps even counterproductive, to try to completely control a teenager’s activities. However, you can limit the amount of screen time and social media access a younger child has or use parental controls to steer them away from gambling sites. Take any talk of suicide seriously, as studies show that people with gambling addiction are more likely to attempt suicide. A study from 2020 found that the risk of suicide is even higher when the person is struggling with an additional disorder, such as substance use. Think about how your life might improve if you were free from your gambling problem. And while gambling can trigger feelings of excitement and euphoria, it’s important to remember that all forms of gambling are inherently risky.

• As far as legal age requirements go, no one under the age of 18 is permitted inside an AGC or the section of an FEC specified for adults.
• In late 2022, we re-examined this analysis and published an updated report in early 2023.
• This is based on the direct costs to government of treating depression, alcohol dependence and illicit drug use, the quality of life impact of depression, as well as the wider societal costs of deaths by suicide.
• Ensuring a secure and fair gaming environment is paramount in the world of online casinos.
• Licensed casinos are required to implement measures such as age verification and self-exclusion options to ensure player safety.
• According to a UK survey in 2024, about a quarter of 11- to 17-year-olds had spent money on gambling within the past 12 months.
• The convenience of online gambling games, combined with the immersive experience of live dealer games, offers a compelling alternative to traditional land-based casinos.
• With such a diverse range of options, players can always find a game that suits their preferences.
• Personal Management Licence holders play an important role in ensuring gambling within businesses is safe, fair and crime-free.
• UK online casinos must implement SSL encryption and secure server systems to ensure the safety of user data.
• The aim is to empower customers by giving them more control over the direct gambling marketing they wish to receive and ensure they do not receive marketing that they do not want.
• Unlicensed providers regularly offer unregulated gambling products, and there is an urgent need for the regulation of online gambling.
• Perceived economic benefits of gambling markets may have precedence over poorly understood effects on health and well-being.

1 The gambling population in England

Only 13% of respondents thought that they gambled more than most, showing that the majority of respondents think they gamble the same or less than others. What is more concerning, is that 27% of problem gamblers and 57% of moderate risk gamblers believe their gambling activity to be average or less than others. In 2019, the Gambling Commission commissioned 2CV to undertake a mixed methodology research project to understand why people gamble, the choices they make and how gambling fits into their lives. The levy will be collected by the Gambling Commission and spending will be approved by the government. The rate will be subject to further consultation, which will take into account factors such as business size, operating costs and problem gambling rates.

Player protection checks

Promotions for slots often feature free spins and bonus bets as incentives for active players, allowing them to maximize their free spins winnings. New UK betting platforms frequently offer substantial initial bonuses and ongoing weekly offers to draw in customers. Cashback offers are another popular promotion, returning a percentage of a player’s losses and providing a safety net for their betting activities. Free bets and matched free bets enable players to place wagers without risking their actual money, often awarded in smaller increments. The UK Gambling Commission regularly revises industry standards to address consumer safety and responsible gambling UK.

Gambling Survey for Great Britain (Annual Report : Official statistics

For many problem gamblers, it’s not quitting gambling that’s the biggest challenge, but rather staying in recovery—making a permanent commitment to stay away from gambling. The internet has made gambling far more accessible and, therefore, harder for recovering addicts to avoid relapse. When gambling begins to impact your finances, relationships, and peace of mind, professional support can help you break the cycle. Talkspace offers an effective and private way to connect with licensed therapists specialized in addiction recovery. Use code HELPGUIDE85 to save $85 off your first month and see if your insurance covers your sessions. Our spend calculator only takes a few minutes and will give you a better understanding of the time and money you spend gambling, alongside recommendations to reduce your risk.

Matching Sub Options

The government’s priority is to ensure there is sufficient long-term funding for high-quality research and treatment of gambling harm and addiction. A statutory levy will help problem gamblers access the right care at the right time, complementing our commitment to provide NHS gambling addiction treatment clinics in every region across the country. The measures we are announcing will protect at-risk players, while allowing the millions who bet regularly to do so unhindered. The commercialization of gambling in many countries – which also drives normalization – is increasing the incidence of gambling harm. Sponsorship or other association with popular sporting leagues, and the colocation of gambling products in social settings, are key mechanisms. Aggressive promotion of gambling in popular and social media also increases gambling activity.

These bonuses are often limited to specific areas of the casino, such as particular games or sections. Additional spins may be granted upon making a deposit, providing further incentives for players to explore the casino’s offerings. Experts assess mobile casino platforms based on design, usability, game selection, and overall performance.

Best UK Casinos for Slots

If you don’t have enough money to live on, check if you can get help to pay for living costs. Some of the information and advice in this section is based on information and advice developed by West Midlands Gambling Harms Clinic. ‘Problem gambling’ or ‘problematic gambling’ is defined as gambling that is disruptive or damaging to an individual or their family, or interferes with an individual’s daily life.

• However, you can encourage them to seek help, support them in their efforts, and protect yourself.
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• The safest way to enjoy gambling sites is to set limits, stay aware of your habits, and recognise when your play stops being fun.
• The review is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to deliver positive change for gambling in Great Britain and for all people impacted by it.
• Aside from personality disorders, specific personality traits—especially impulsivity—can be risk factors for pathological gambling.
• Today’s White Paper and proposals follow a call for evidence and are based on nearly 16,000 written submissions sent to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) during the process.
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• For other factors (including risk perception or family influences), there was either very low confidence in the evidence or insufficient evidence to determine if these are risk factors for gambling or harmful gambling.
• Schedule enjoyable recreational time for yourself that has nothing to do with gambling.
• There are inequalities in the extent to which sub-groups of the population are affected by gambling.
• This ensures that players can enjoy a seamless and enjoyable gaming experience, regardless of the device they use.
• This fundamental principle underscores the need for responsible gambling practices.
• However, it’s important to note that withdrawal methods can sometimes differ from deposit methods.
• We relied on Twitter and stakeholder consultations to build an understanding of stakeholder perspectives.
• About 1 in 3 people with a gambling disorder will recover on their own, without treatment.
• The Gambling Commission has today announced widespread changes aimed at increasing safety and customer choice.

The in person gambling participation rate (in the past 4 weeks) was 27 percent, which falls to 18 percent when lottery draw only players are removed. Overall, the most popular gambling activities following lottery draws remains being scratchcards (13 percent), betting (9 percent) and online instant win games (8 percent). Overall gambling participation is highest for those aged 55 to 64 (54 percent). However, removing lottery draw only players, shifts the age profile downwards, resulting in those aged 35 to 44 having the highest gambling participation rates in the past 4 weeks (36 percent). This includes both online and physical places you can gamble, like a betting shop or casino.

Players should avoid using unfamiliar payment methods at unlicensed casinos to mitigate potential risks. By choosing reliable and secure payment options, players can ensure a smooth and hassle-free online gambling UK experience. MonixBet stands out as a top UK online casino, offering a competitive selection of sports betting options and casino games, catering to both casino enthusiasts and sports bettors. Ladbrokes has a huge range of offers on both its sportsbook and online casino, catering to all types of gamblers. It could have filled a couple of positions on this list, but it gets the vote as one of the best blackjack sites, largely because it’s one of a handful of gambling sites with a blackjack-specific offer. As young people got older there was a significant increase in online gambling among boys.

UK online casinos offer a variety of bonuses, including deposit bonuses, no deposit bonuses, free spins, cashback, loyalty programs, and refer-a-friend bonuses. These promotions are designed to attract new players and retain existing ones by enhancing their gaming experience. We seek online casinos offering hundreds of titles from established software providers, ensuring players have access to various options, from classic table games to innovative slots. Technological advancements and evolving consumer preferences have significantly expanded the UK’s online gambling UK market.

Gambling Survey for Great Britain (GSGB)

But for some people the availability of 24/7 online betting has compounded or created problem gambling, which can lead to life-changing financial loss and in the most tragic cases suicide. People at risk of gambling-related harm will be better protected under government plans to update betting rules for the digital age. Gambling harm increases as gambling markets expand, challenging the health and well-being of populations. Unlicensed, illegal or offshore gambling poses significant regulatory challenges for all governments.

These tools are designed to help players maintain control over their gambling activities and prevent problematic behavior. Withdrawal requests can take a couple of days to process, depending on the chosen payment method. The range of secure and convenient payment options at UK online casinos allows players to manage their funds easily, enhancing their overall experience. For those who value security and fairness, selecting UK-licensed online casinos is crucial.

Best Online Casinos in the UK for 2026

• Our guide highlights top-rated sites that offer fair play, big wins, and robust security.
• Comparing the value of online casino promotions helps players choose the best offers to maximize their gaming experience.
• This requirement applies to online gambling only and will come into force on 1 May 2025.
• If you recognise any of these harms in your own behaviour, you should try to seek help.
• However, you can limit the amount of screen time and social media access a younger child has or use parental controls to steer them away from gambling sites.
• Respondents will be able to complete the survey either online or via a postal submission.
• Promoting responsible gambling practices, UK online casinos create a safe and enjoyable environment for all players.
• Emerging betting sites feature state-of-the-art mobile apps with unique features and promotions for app users.
• The Whole Act without Schedules you have selected contains over 200 provisions and might take some time to download.
• In contrast with some jurisdictions, only casinos form part of the “regulated sector” for AML purposes, though all operators are required to conduct detailed risk assessments and implement AML policies, procedures and controls.

It’s particularly important not to get carried away by casino offers or free bet offers, both of which are available in abundance on gambling sites, but must be approached with caution. Bettors could win up to three Lucky Cards per day when playing blackjack, while they can also earn live casino bonuses via other promotions, which can be used to wager at their chosen blackjack table. It does the basics well with over 65 different blackjack options spread across its virtual and live casino sites. By playing live blackjack, bettors are in with a chance of revealing one of Ladbrokes’ Lucky Cards, granting punters either a £5 free sports bet or £5 in cash. MrQ is one of the most trusted gambling sites, earning plaudits for the way it clearly displays the odds of winning on any casino game and its selection of easy-to-understand offers.

Other people affected by gambling

This provides players access to a curated list of sites where they can enjoy a fair and rewarding online casino experience. Live dealer games enhance the online casino experience by allowing players to interact with real dealers and other participants in real-time. Dream Catcher, for example, is a popular live casino game based on a large money wheel format, where players bet on segments for potential multipliers.

There are guidelines for rules that all lotteries must follow, regardless of their scale. Our National Lottery Act page has more information on how the legal lottery system works in Great Britain. Our team of legal gambling analysts developed this page as a hub for legitimate and up-to-date information regarding the legal framework of gambling in the United Kingdom. You will find coverage on the multiple nude casino laws and their effect on the market, the regulatory agencies working behind the scenes, a history of legal gambling in the UK, specifically England. Apply to the Gambling Commission for a personal gambling licence or a gambling operating licence if you run or manage a gambling business. Gambling-related harms have considerable cost to the government and society, likely to be between £1.05 to 1.77 billion.

The excess costs of harmful gambling (direct financial cost to government plus societal value of health impacts) were estimated to be between £1.05 and £1.77 billion for England. But we expect that the true costs are higher because the lack of evidence meant that it was not possible to cost all types of harms or the wider harms to individuals or society. For children and young people, we identified one high-quality review on early risk and protective factors for problem gambling. This gave us confidence in identifying some risk factors for children and young people specifically in relation to harmful gambling. It will be important to consider these when monitoring, and in any efforts to address gambling participation.

This review has estimated that 0.5% of the adult population has a problem with gambling, 3.8% are gambling at at-risk levels, and 7% are affected negatively by an others people’s gambling. We identified 45 possible risk factors within these 39 reviews, and three-quarters of these (33 factors) were individual (personal) level risk factors. The remaining related to families or other social influences (5 factors), community-level influences (4 factors) and societal influences (3 factors). The proportion reporting any gambling in the last 12 months was 36% in 2019, down slightly from 39% in 2018. Based on 2018 HSE data, we estimated that 0.5% of the population reached the threshold to be considered experiencing problem gambling, and this proportion has remained relatively consistent since 2012. We also estimated that 3.8% of the population are classified as gambling at elevated risks, differentiated into low risk and moderate risk gambling.